In USA submarine force Coastal and Harbor Defense was one of the earliest missions of the submarine force. At this time submarines could not transit over long distances they were transported by colliers. The U.S. submarine force (Navy) recognized the need to improve submarine design to allow for long range and high-speed operation while submerged.
In 1909 during the winter, the U.S. submarine C-1 conducted the first tests of the predecessor to today’s snorkel masts. Called ventilator tubes, this technological innovation provided surface air to the diesel engines while the submarine was at periscope depth.
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